article+madisol

Akinbote R. (2010) European journal of social sciences. //Explicit Grammar Strategy and Primary School Pupils Achievement in Written English in Abadan, Nigeria 14// (1) pp. 61-73.
 * SECOND ARTICLE**

The following article discuss the relationship between explicit grammar in students in primary school in written English, gender and, the attitude factor that students have toward the composition writing. Some primary schools were tested to elicit real results related to this investigation. __Researches__ obtained meaningful information __in the gender aspect__. The results were that females had a lower level __that__ male in the use of explicit grammar. __Researches__ also applied different tests in five experienced schools in which they got information related to the attitude that students have to the composition writing. The purposes of formal education cannot be carried out without the two main skills which are reading and writing. In additio__n;__ students will have a better attitude to writing if they acquire in a successful way the correct grammar using different ways to retrieve it. In the article are mentioned two mainly instructions to teach grammar in students in primary school. The first instruction is the grammar translation method which can also be called traditional grammar teaching method, this method is used more for academic that for communicative purposes. Students are aware of the rules, tenses, and conjugations of the verbs with the use of memorization. According to Weaver (1996) says that teaching grammar in context is like teaching a child to learn to talk (62). The second grammar instruction is the functional grammar. This shows that studying grammar from the more functional perspective can have effective influences in the students’ ability to erect meaning through language. Due to these instructional grammars teachers must use methods in which students feel comfortable and involved with the language to make easier for them the writing skill.
 * //__Include in your second paragraph how this article is beneficial to you or relates to a personal experience.__// **


 * FIRST ARTICLE**

Serrano, S. (2010) The time factoring EFL classroom practice. //Language Learning 61//(1), pp. 117- 145

This article researches the importance of the time in EFL (English as a foreign language) into the classroom. It emphasizes the effect of the distribution of the hours on students’ foreign language. __Taking into consideration two kinds of programs: the first one is the intensive course; in which the hours of instruction are given in long sessions but given in short periods of time. The second one is the regular course; it is carried out in short sessions but in long periods of time.__ **//__Reword and check your punctuation: comma, semicolon, and colon.__//** The applications of these programs have had different results especially with intermediate and advanced level students. Intermediate level students showed more production of the language in intensive programs than in the regular courses. __In opposite to this__ advanced EFL level students do not __showed__ the same results as intermediate students. This article mentions that “practice makes perfect.” This concept is related to improvement and performance. This makes reference that if students __have practice__ into the classroom they will have a better level in the language. It **//__What is "it"?__//** describes a way in which students can acquire a second language through the use of repetitions of different items to be learned that appear in sequence__s, a__nd in different spaces. This method is called the spacing effect which presents that learning is accomplish in different episodes in order to students have a better retention and learning. In addition; learning will be achieved in concentrated periods of time. According to Braun and Rubin (1998), suggested that spaced items tend to be better recalled than massed items because the first presentation stays in working memory longer (p. 121). Moreover; is very important that the first item will be acquired at the time of the second. This method displays a limit to present different items to students have a successful acquisition of the language. This article reported that this method is useful for students in intermediate level because of the positive results obtained in the investigation. **//__Include in your second paragraph how this article is beneficial to you or relates to a personal experience.__//**