Lexical+Verbs


 * //Lexical Verbs are also called main verbs because they contain content//**
 * //that adds meaning to a sentence (as opposed to auxiliary verbs) (English Club//****. 2006).**

=**TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE**=

Transitive verbs require an object. Intransitive verbs are used without an object.

Some verbs are both transitive and intransitive. Transitive only: //Mike broke his nose.// (//Mike broke.// is incomplete.)

Some verbs are either transitive or intransitive. //Mary sings.// //Mary sings songs.//

=**REGULAR AND IRREGULAR**= Regular verbs end in //-d// or //-ed//: //play, played; fake, faked, bat batted// Pronunciation for regular verbs: There are three different sounds for the //-d// or //-ed// depending on the last sound of the verb. 1. voiced sounds: Regular verbs that end with a voiced sound have a /d/ sound when pronuciating the //-d// or //-ed -// __no added syllable__//. (play, played; ban, banned,// etc.) 2. voiceless sounds: Regular verbs that end with a voiceless sound have a /t/ sound when pronuciating the //-d// or //-ed -// __no added syllable__//. (sip, sipped, miss, missed, fake, faked,// etc.) 3. /d/ or /t/ sound: Regular verbs that end with a /d/ or /t/ sound have a /id/ sound when pronuciating the //-d// or //-ed -// __added syllable__//. (bat, batted,. pad, padded,// etc.)

[|Irregular verbs] don't end in //-d// or //-ed//: //eat, ate; speak, spoke//

=DYNAMIC AND STATIVE=

The important thing to remember about dynamic and stative verbs is when using the present continuous tense. Generally, stative verbs either cannot be used in the present continuous, or if they can be used, will change the meaning of the sentence (often idiomatic).

CORRECT: I see Mary. (Means that I physically see her with my two eyes.) CORRECT: I am seeing Mary. (Means that I am dating Mary (romantically), or I have a meeting or an appointment with Mary.) CORRECT: I know Mary. (Means I have met her, or she is an acquaintance.) INCORRECT: I am knowing Mary. CORRECT: I have a house. (I possess a house.) CORRECT: I am having a cow! (Means that you are really upset, angree, confused, etc.at this particular moment.IDIOMATIC) CORRECT: Mary is having a baby. (Mary is delivering a baby.) INCORRECT: I am having a car. (incomplete) CORRECT: I am having a car shipped to my house. (Someone is shipping a car to my house.) CORRECT: //I think// I can go to the party. (I believe I can go.) CORRECT: Don't bother me, //I am thinking//. (I am considering or contemplating something.) CORRECT: I am tall. INCORRECT: I am being tall.

Think of dynamic verbs as action verbs.

Linking verbs (or copula verbs) link the subject to another part of the sentence and do not express action (i.e., appear, be, become, fall (in love), feel, get, look, prove (to be), remain, run (wild), seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn (sour)).
 * LINKING VERBS**

Generally, predicate adjectives follow linking verbs, as opposed to adverbs.

CORRECT: Mary appears sad (predicate adjective). INCORRECT: Mary appears sadly (adverb). CORRECT: Mike looks happy. INCORRECT: Mike looks happily.